Campaign for Peace & Democracy (Manipur)

Dr. Malem Ningthouja

Campaign for Peace & Democracy (Manipur) 

1. Anti-Military Repression Day Karino? 

a. July 10-11, 2004 gi lonnaba ahingda chanura Thangjam Manorama 17th Assam Rifles ki khutpu amana mayumdagi faduna pukhraga, namja namthekpiraba matungda, tamthina hattokpikhi. Thoudok asigi mayokta meeyamna eehou hourakkhi. July 15, numit asida, meira paibee luchingbi taranithoi na Kangla Gate mamangda ―hakchangda fee thongdana‖ eehou houkhi. Makhoina ―Indian Army Rape Us,‖ ―Go Back Indian Army,‖ ―Repeal Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA),‖ ―Justice for Manorama,‖ haiba khollao kaya laokhi. Masibu ―naked protest‖ or ―nude protest‖ haina malem-gi mafam kayada khngnakhi. Thoudok asimak Asia da lanmeenamthalichat ki mayokta houba, top-toppa masak naiba eehou saklon ama oikhi. Meeoi kayagi pukningda thamoi sokna thuk laoba faonakhi. Meeyamgi wachum-eehou (democratic movement) mapanggal henna kankhatkhi. Leingakna chatthariba araanba lan (unjust war) gi fajadraba kanglon adu sabak fakkhi. Malem gi mafam kayadagi AFSPA gi mayokta khallao kaya laonarakkhi. Asigumba top topna masak thokpa, 15 July gi, eehou asibu seithaduna Anti-Military Repression Day haina ollakpa chahidagi ningsing thouram pangthokpa hourakkhi. 

2. Lanmee Namthalichat (Military Repression) haibasi karino? 

a. Leingakna chakthak hunduna, makhutta lan-gidamak khutsu khutlai paihanduna, leingakki yathang ngakliba meeoi adubu leingakki lanmee kouee. Lanmee sing khomjinduna lanban khutpusing (forces) semgatli. Khutpusing adu thajinduna, makhoina khunnai ama khudum chanduna thamlabadi, natragana, meeyam wachum-eehousing bu namthabagi poram ama lishang shitna chattharabadi, madubu lanmee namthalichat kouee.  

3. Manipur da lanmee namthalichat leibara? 

a. Manipur haibasi khutlingba (powerful) Mayang senjao-lunkhop khutpu singna (finance-capitalist forces) maning tamna paanba lunkhop-ngamkhei (empire) gi manungda leiriba, pak sanba lanban (military bastion) na langgoi chanlaba khunnai amani. Extra-Jurisdiction Provision Act 1947 kouba lamkhop-wayellon (annexation law) amagi makhada Manipur bu India na 1949 da meeyamgi ayaba (people‘s consent) yaodana lousinkhi. Matam adudagi semgatlakpa lanban-singna ngaklou oiraga namchat chatnahalliba sinmit-leingaklon (political economy system) asi loichan senjaolallonlichat (colonial capitalism) kouee. Senjao-lallonlichat (capitalism) haibasi potthok puthokpagi pambei (means of production) amasung khutsu panggal (productive forces) singbu lannai senjao-lunkhoppa singna suppai pairaga, lannai senkhop tanbagi chatnabida yumfam oiba sinmit-leingaklon (political economy) amani. Asigumba sinmit-leingaklon asigi chukli adu meetopna pairabadi; amasung, mapung oiba potthok puthokpagi pambeising, khutsu panggalsing, ayonpotsing (commodity) adugi mapu adu meetopna oirabadi; maduda meetopna khopkhiba sendong adubu hentong (super profit) kouee. Aduga, thouong adubuna loichanlichat (colonialism) kouee. Thouong asibu ―sagoon meiringba: lunkhop wayellon‖ (organised loot: legalised plunder) haina khangnabasu yai. Hairiba sinmit-leingaklon (political economy) asigi ngaklou-chunggoising (defence or security forces) asibu police, para-military, military, ‗covert 

agents‘ khutpusing haina tongan tonganba maming thonba khutpu oina masak khangnei. Senjao leingakloi (capitalist rulers) na semba wayel-pathap (legal system) na leingakki ngaklou-chunggoisingda mathouna amasung mapanggal henna fanghanduna lanmee namthalichat mara chet-halli.  

b. Lunkhop-ngamkhei (empire) asigi lanban manugda chatnariba lunkhop sinmit-leingaklon (extractive political economy) asina tamthiba cheifu kaya meeyamda pibiri—(a) meeoibaga mahousaga leinariba afaba mari leikha tarakpa (ecological destruction), (b) mahousagi khal akai atoi thoklakpa (environmental destruction), (c) khunnai gi maousagi lun-thum (natural resources) meetop ki lunkhop-company singna khudum chankhiba (finance investment), (d) meeoibasinggi marakta chakthung-feethung chang mannaraktaba (social inequality), (e) senthok-punsirol  fivam fagatpa ngamlaktaba (underdevelopment), (f) louri yumfam kaya kang khong chairakpa (forced displacement), (g) laira-chudatnabagi meekok masing hen-gatlakpa (growing poverty), (h) khunnai manungda chaokhatpagi thong mannaraktaba (growth disparity), (i) malemgi luptin fambakta (international common platform da) eikhoigi khunnaigi fivamsi atoppa chaokhatpa khunnaigi fivamdagi henna soktharakpa (international growth disparity), (j) meetopna halengdana thomjillaktuna yelhoumee gi chakthung matpirakpa amasung saktam leikha tahallakpa (influx of colonial settlers and subjugation of indigenous rights), (k) ningthungdraba meeyamna leingakka muknarakpa (contradiction) amasung kanglup kaya semduna leingakka yeitheknarakpa (antagonism); (l) khunnaida tangdu leitadaba charangnaba kaya leirakpa (unrest), asina chingba kaya ooba fanglakli.  

c. Loichan puwari fivam (colonial historical context) asiga sagonnana eehou makhal ani thorak-ee: (1) Lunkhop-ngamkhei (empire) asigi makhada meekha ponduna leiraroi haiduna khutlai paiduna hourakpa ningtam-lan (liberation war) eehou. Chaokhatpa haibasi niraga fangloi, lanfamda yeknaba maithiba piraga munduna lougadabani haibasi ningtam lan gi fidam ni. Amasung, (2) Sinmit-leingaklon gi akaknaba thourangsing (policies) natraga thouong kharana piriba cheithengsinggi mayokta hourakpa, matam matamgi oiba, meeyam-wachum eehou (democratic rights movement). Ahanbagi asina lunkhop-ngamkhei (empire) asida chatnariba leingak-pathap (constitution) asigi mayokta houba lanhouni. Aduga, akonbagi asina leingak-pathap asigi fibannungda fangfam thokpa wachum (rights) khara inna kaonaduna, haija nonja wachat wanom touduna, natraga, muknaraga fangnaba houba eehouni. Karigumba matamda ningtam lan gi kanglon (tactics) ga eeroinana tangkak naina (temporary episode) or wathok yumfam (issue based) oiba meeyam-wachum (democratic rights) eehou ga; anisi chusannana thengnaba lamkhang-eetinfam su yaoee. Adubu ani asi hourakpham, pandam amasung polloi matam khudingda tinnagani haibadi leite. Akonbagi eehou asidi machu-makhal yammi. Akonbagi eehou amagi akaknaba pandam fangkhrabasu, ahanbagi eehou aduga matam kharadang lamkhang-eetinfam tinnarabasu, akonbagi eehou asidi makha tana chatthahoubasu yai. Natragana, ahanbagi eehou adu maru fukna mutkharabasu akonbagidi mafam matamgi tangkak naina makhal kayagi saklonda paring chatthahoubasu yai. Ani asi karigumba fivam matamgi matung inna lamkhangeetinfam (tactical collusion) tinnarakpa matang yaorabasu, animaksi amattani haibadi chumloi. Anisubagi eehou asi ahanbagi eehou thouburoisingna kanglon khutlai (tactical instrument) oina sijinnaba yabagi maram leirabasu; akonbagi asigi khongmi lanmeesing asidi senjaolallonlichat khutpusinggi moithem chakthakna makhoigi nakallomda oina humlaga pukhiba yaroi haibasu leite. Aduna akonbagi eehou gi liklam asidi amanasu amanasu masa masagi pandam maikhum kuplaga changsinduna kannaba louhounaba hotnaba yaroidabagi maramsu leite. Ngasi malem-lunkhop lichat ki hanglai luchingba oiriba eereipakki khutkan pangganba famnaiba kaya, 

makhoi makhoigi punsi tangkak amada anisuba khongjang asida thoudang louduna marannaigi meechang khomkhiba meeoi kayasu yaoribani. Makhoina matam amada ahanbagi eehou asibu sougatpa manna maka fonglamlaga, madugi marumda lannaigi khudongchaba louduna khutkan panggalba oirakkhibani haibada haimanba oiroi. Khongjang lallonlaga lannai senthok-lambee oiba meeoi kayasu meeyam-wachum eehou luchingbagi maikhum kuplaga lannaigi khudong chaba tanja ngai yaoramgani. Meeyam luchingba saabasingna hathu hathu inak khun-gatlaklabadi mahak naronda issue lallonlabara haibasi achumba ama khngdoknaba yengsinba mathou tai. Yamna samna hairabada, akonbagi eehou asina senjao-lallonlichat pu singnaba leite. Ahanbagi eehou thouburoisingna akonbagi eehougi khongbi khongnaosingda eethil piduna makhoigi meekok khomhounaba hotnabagi kanglon leirabadi; maduga chap mannaba kanglon adumak senjao-lallonlichit ki thouburoisingnasu pak sanna chattharamloi hainingai leite. 

d. Adumakpu, eehou makhal animak asi lunkhop leingakna taathina yengloidabagi maramdi leite. Maramdi—(1) Animakki wahanthokta senjaoleingaklon gi ka henba thouongsingbu fongna singnaba amadi ooba fangli; (2) Animakna leibak eerang kankhatlakpa matamda leingakpu chaning chamang tahandaba makhei nikkhairaklabadi, senjao lunkhoplichatki (capitalism) manungda lunkhop munnabagi muknaba (inner contradiction) leiba maramna, parliamentary democracy gi mingda, leingak chukli munnariba tongan tonganba lunkhop khutpusingna semba tongan tonganba political partysinggi marakta amana amabu namthunaba hotnabagi lallong paring ama oina, opposition party na leibak eeranggi tanja louduna leingakpu nikkhaiduna ruling pary namthunabagi khudong chaba fanghalli; aduga, (3) Animakki eerangna kankhatlakpa matamda lunkhop-thouram singda apan arak akai atoi thok-halli. Maram aduna leingak chukli pairiba khutpu aduna, amasung lunkhop lichat halengdana chatthariba kangbu aduna, eehou makhal animak asibu athiba machu teisinlaga, eehougi meechang mayeng hanthahannaba hotnaba, amasung, eehou muthatpagi mingda meeot meenei chatthahalloidabagi maram leite. Makhoina thoudarakpa tamthiba thouongsing adu gi yathang, makhoina yoktuna naorok naokonduna thamliba lanmee sanglupsing aduna yathang illoidabagi maramsu leite. 

e. Eehou thouong animak, karigumba fivam matam amada lamkhang-eetinfam (tactical collusion) mannarabasu natraga polloi-pandam (ultimate goal) tinnadrabasu, animak tanja ama punna natraga tongan tonganna, thouong amada natragana amada senjao-lunkhoplichat asigi lallongga yeitheknarakpa (antagonism) haiba asidi soidre. Maramdi ningtam lan natraga wachum eehou haiba asigi fidam (principle) di mapung oiba meeyam gi yaifanabagi khongchatni, aduga, senjao-lunkhoplichat haiba asigi fidamdi chaokhatmaikhum (development cloak) kuplaga lannaigi oijabatamak fangnaba hotnabada atoppagi mang tak-hanbada halengdaba meeoi khutpu singdugi khongchatni. Khongchat anisi amana amabu inthunaba hotnaba haibasi mahousa-pathap (natural law) amani. Yaol eehouna mapanggal hen-gatlakpagi tangkak amada meeyam-wachum eehouna pamjaba meeyam-semgatlon (democratic reformnation) lak-ee, natraga, madugi tangkak adudagi thak henna wangna haigatlaklabadi pumnou nouba meeyam-wachum yaol (people‘s democratic revolution) lak-ee. Mapanggal kanna changsillakpa meeyam wachum eehou amabu matang matam chana waroisin purakpa ngamhoudrabadi khujin khunanthoktagi ningtam yaol eehougi meijao ama oiraktuna meeyam semgatlon natragana meeyam-wachum yaol oirakpa yai. Aduna, senjao-leingakloi (capitalist rulers) singna makhoida sendong henna fangloidaba (or makhoigi lunkhop chang hanthahan-gadaba) meeyam-semgatlon namthunaba hotnaba, amasung, makhoigi mang takningai masak oiraba meeyam-wachum yaol adubu maru fukna muthatnaba hotnaba haibasi makhoigi tangai fadraba thoudangni. Makhoigi ngaklou-fivam khudong charaktabana tangai faraktraba 

matam adu khaktada makhoina meeyam-semgatlon khara matang matam fivam yengduna latkaknana paikhatli. Asi hek nattriba makheidi makhoi asi naa tathiba leingak ama oina adumak ngakchao thektuna hingba ngammi. Yariba makhei lannai sendong hanthagadaba meeyam-semgatlon oithoktanaba hotnaba haibasi makhoigi laningni. Aduna, senjao-leingakloi (capitalist rulers) singna, makhoina mapanggal kallingei matamda, eehou makhal animak asibu namthanaba hotnarak-ee. Amuba wayel (black laws) kaya chatnahanduna lanmeesingda mapanggal hapchinbigani. Police, para-military, amasung military khutpusing hedo-henao kahanduna, makhoi masa masagi marannai oijalichat (individual opportunism) khudong chaba louhounabagi tanja fanghanduna, amuba wayel (black laws) ki marum thup-hallaga, lamketlamhailichat (culture of impunity) ama pak sandorak-halli. Asigumba lamket-lamhailichat chatpa sanglup sing asigi matou tamjarabadi inak khun-gani, akan aring khutkan panggalna hingba fanggani, mingchat wanggani, nungai yaifagani haiba wakhal thammailon (ideological slavery) ama pak sandorak-ee. Yaol gi yumbi oigadaba naharol kayabu asumna araanba lanbanda chingsinbiri. Makhoina masagi oijaba taanbada maral langsinjaba thouong kaya chatthrak-ee. Matou asumna khunnai supna cheifam naihanba thouong ama oina leingak-meeotlichat (state terrorism) chattharak-ee. Masi lanmee-namthalichat ki kanglon amani. 

4. Lanmee namthalichat ki thouongsing karida mamee tabage? 

Lanmee namthalichat ki thouongsing mapung oiba thouong kharada neinaba yai: 

a. Lanban lumkhop cheitheng: Lanmee-sanglup singna ching, tam, ithat (island), chingdum (hillock), maheikol (educational institution), yumleileikai (residential areas) asinachingba mafam kayada lam khopchinduna masing yamlaba lanban kaya semgattuna khunda leitari. Khudam oina hairabada, Manipur University Campus ta lanban leiri. Matam ama meeyamna ning tamna chen chongna sannaramba Koirenggei Air Field ngasidi lanmee na lousinkhre. Lanban sing asigi manak nakpa akoiba mafamsing asisu makhoigi security zone oina leibak meeyam changthok changsinda athingba adumak thamli. Greater Imphal manung khaktada makhoina khopchinduna thamliba pak chaoraba mafam asi Manipur meeyamgi oiba fangdre. Meeyamgi kannagadaba mawongda sijinnaba fangdre. Manipur asi lanban mayamna khurak hangdana koisillaga leingakpa loilam lanbung amaga mannana ooba fangli. 

b. Sinmit cheitheng: Chaokhatpagi maikhum (development cloak) kuplaga changsillakpa meetopki lunkhop company singna Manipur gi lam amasung mahousagi lun-thum kaya suppai paisillakli. Senjao-lunkhop-khutpu gi namhatlichat (capitalist exploitation) ni haibasi chaokhatpa (development) kouba namthak wafong (deceptive propaganda) kayana kupsinduna thamli. Meeoi kayana namthak wafong asida thajaduna araanba manglan mangli. Aduga amaromdana, senjao-lunkhop-khutpu gi machum kharadang fangjaraga lannai-oijalichat (individual opportunism) penjare haina khanba eereicha hanglai khutpusingna namthak wafong asibu sougattuna thamli. Adubu, hairiba mang takningai oiraba project sing asina piriba mang tak-hanbagi cheifu kaya meeoi kayana mayoknari. Projectsing asina khunnai asi chinjaktagi chingna atei keithel potlamsing amasung hiram kayada meekha ponbagi maikeida chingtharakli. Project sing asigi mayokta lepliba meeoising natragana project na neihatpiraba meeoisinggi wachum-khollao (democratic voice) namthunaba hotnari. Khollao kaya amadi namthubikhre. Masigi namthalichat kanglon asida lanmee na achouba thoudang louri.  

c. Meehat Meeot Cheitheng: Mathakki wafam ani, (a) lanban lumkhop, amasung (b) Sinmit cheitheng, asiga sagonnana meehat meeot cheitheng kaya meeyamna mayoknei. Lunkhop-Ngamkhei gi ngak-sen (security) gidamak namthalichat wayel-pathap (repressive law) kaya semduna chatnahallakli. Hwjik hwjik chatnariba khara ming oina pnjarabada: National Security Act (1980), Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (1967), Armed Forces Special Powers Act (1958) asinachingba. AFSPA gi makhada henna hakchinna meeyamda tamthiba cheitheng fanghanbagi ayaba kaya piri. Khudam oina; (a) Lanmee na mee amabu faningba matamda warrant yaodana faba yaba, (b) Lanmee-na yum amada changningba matamda changba yaba, (c) Non-Commission Officer gi thakta leiba lanmeena mee amabu hatpa yabagi ayaba leiba, (d) Lanmeena chattharuba maral (crime) adugi mayokta, Government of India gi ayaba hek yaodriba makheidi, wayel-kanglon (legal) gi matengna khut thingjinba yahandaba. Wayel-kanglon na khut thingjinnaba ayaba meechamna niruba matamdadi, makhoigi lanmee gi thouna hanthakhigani haiduna Government of India na ayaba piningde. Fivam asida, lanmee da ahenba panggal pisinba asina, makhoida wayel-ngaklou (legal surrogate) ama piba maramsina, lanmee na (or lanmee ga khutsamnaraga chatminnaba afongba or arotpa khutpusingna) touningba mawongda meehat meeot chatthabada athingba leiraktaba fivam ama oirak-ee. Amaromda NSA amasung UAPA gi makhada meeoi kayabu, maru oina meeyam wachum eehou gi sintharoi singbu ‗leibakki yeknaba‘ (national enemy) ni natragana criminal ni haibagi maral thangjinduna fajin pusinba otpa neibagi khudong chaba lounarakee. Asigumba fivam asida maral leijadraba nupi kaya namja namthekpikhiba, meeoi kaya fa-kapta (fake encounter) hatkhiba, fajin punsinkhiba, ootpi neibikhiba, hakchang manghanbikhiba (forced disappearance), kihantuhanbikhiba, asinachingba lishang shitna chattharakee. Masida chennaba, khunnaigi meetyengdagidi maral leiraba lanmee sing or police kaya, makhoigi maral kupsinduna thamlaga cheirak fangkhide. Asigumba meeot meenei yokkhatpagi lallong asigi mayokta meeyamgi wakat kaya leiri. Manipur gi meeyam asi India gi leingak-pathap (constitution) gi Articles 14, 19 amasung 21 namhatpire haibagi wakat thamnarakpa leptri. Malem gi oina eekai kumnariba UDHR 1848, ICCPR 1966, ICESCR 1966, CAT 1984 nachingbasing asi khonggaonare haina malem gi mafam kayadagi fongdoknarakli. 

d. Chaothalichat Lallong Cheitheng: Khunnai ama chaokhatpa (development) haiba asi khunnai adugi potthoklon (mode of production) fagat-hallaba matamda oirak-ee. Potthoklon fagat-hanba haiba asida maru oiba machak ani changli: (a) potthok-puthokpagi pambeising (means of production—lam, mahousagi lun-thum, khutsu-khutlai, machines, technology), amasung, (b) potthok-puthokpagi khutsu panggal (productive forces). Ani asi youkkhattana khunnai ama chaokhatpa ngamloi. Hairiba machak ani asigi mapu eikhoina oiragana chaokhatpadu eikhoigi oigani. Mapu adu meetopna oiragana chaokhatpa adu meetopki oigani. Eikhoigi khunnai chaokhat-han-ge hairabadi machak ani asigi mapu eikhoina oibaga loinana, malem-lamjel ga chunnana mathou tarakpa lousing (knowledge amasung skill), khutsinlon (technique), sinlon (organisation) semgat sagattuna potthok matik chana puthokpaga eeroinana, eereichasinggi marakta yonglei mellei achan meerai khennaba thamdana, chakthung fithung thong mannahallaba matamda khunnai chaokhatlichat khumang chaosilli. Adubu eikhoigi khunnai asidadi asigumba yaifagadaba liklam asigi onna teinaba maikeida leiri. Potthok puthokpagi mapung oiba pambeising amasung ayonpot keithel (commodity market) asigi mapu meetopni. Makhoigi ngaklou pambeising leingak lanmee na oiri. Amaromda, yamna nungnangningai oiba thouong ama oina chaothalichatkki (underdevelopment) maikeida pubiri. Potthoklon-gi khutsu panggal (productive forces) oina semgat yokkhatpigadaba naharol kaya bu lunkhop-ngamkhei (empire) ngakpa khunek

mee (contract labour) oina chingsinduna meenai naithanggi mathoutamak touhalli—khudam oina; VDF, police, para-military, military, asinachingba service sector gi employee mayam. Asaanba chaokhatlichatki mangal ooba fangdaba eereicha kayanasu lannai senthokkidamak amasung akan-aring oiningbagidamak asigumba sinfam asida chongsinduna yaosinkhi. Eereicha hanglaisingnasu potthoklon semgatpa yokkhatpagi thourang paikhatpagi mahut senjao-lunkhop-khutpusinggi machum thaklaga punsi lomli. Ningtam lan houriba lupsingnasu anouba sinmit-leingaklon amagi paojel natraga lallong eikhoi meechamna ooba fangde. Chatnariba kanglon asina khunnaibu chaokhatpagi yumbi yungbagi mahut ―eemagi ibungo sahib ki minai‖ haina mingthonba yaba naharol kaya ―daroga chabok‖ oina araanba lan-gi lanban ngaklaga punsi lomli. Khunnai asi chaothalichat ki maikeida natheiduna meekha polhanba khakta nattana, lanmee namthalichat ki mayokta mapanggal kanba wachum-ehou faoba mai pakna changsinba ngamde. Asigumba asonbasing asina maram oiraga lanmee namthalichat makha tana chatthahanbagi maram oiri.  

5. Leingak-meeotlichat (State terrorism) gi mayokta houriba eehougi maiol asi kadomdano? 

a. Lan haiba asi makhal ani sui; (a) Achumba-lan (just war), amasung (b) Araanba lan (unjust war). Meeyamgi ngaksen-gi mingda thajillakliba lanmeesingna, meeyam aduda onsinduna ot neiraklabadi, amasung, adugumba lallong aduna khunnai asi chaothalichatta oina lamjinglabadi, madubu araanba lan amani haiba yai. Adugumba araanba lan adugi mayokta meeyamna masagi wachum (rights) ngakchanabagidamak eehou houraklabadi madubu meeyam-wachum-eehou (people‘s democratic movement) kouee. Manipur da lanmee gi meehat-meeot ki mayokta hourakkhiba eehousing, AFSPA gi mayokta hourakkhiba eehousing, asi kaya asi mapung oiba meeyam-wachum-eehou gi maung chanba saklon singni. Houriba eehou sing asi India gi lumkhopngamkhei (empire) gi manungda chatnariba leingak-pathap (constitution) aduna piriba wachumsing (rights) adu ngakchanaba houriba eehouni. Eehousing asi India gi lunkhop ngamkhei (empire) asi thugainaba or thugaiba ngamba eehou natte. Eehou asibu namthanaba hotnariba namthalichat meeot (repressive terror) asi nakal ani thokna yengba yai; (a) nakal amaromda meeoi kayada cheitheng kaya fanghalli, aduga, (b) nakal amaromdana wachum eehou makha tana chatthanabagi mei eekpiba oina thok-halli. Asigumba wachum eehou amasung namthalichat animak asi totnayekna (dialectical process) amada lishang shitna chattharakli. Masigi totna-yeknana chatthariba thouong asina India asi meeyam-leingaklon (people‘s democracy) khonggaonaraba lunkhop-ngamkhei (empire) amani haibasi malem da sabak fakna ootli. Meeyam-leingaklon leitraba khunnai amada meeyam-wachum (democratic rights) eehou hourakfam thok-ee haiba asi malem na masak khngle. Leingak-meeotlichat ki mayokta, maru oina AFSPA gi mayokta, houriba meeyam-wachum eehousing asi achumba eehou amani haiba wafamsi kakpa yadraba wafam oire.  

6. Leingak-meeotlichat ki mayokta nupeesingna louriba thoudang karino?  

a. Leingak-meeotlichat ki mayokta houba wachum eehousingda nupa, nupi, ahan, angang, naha, meeyai haina meeoibasinggi marakta khennaba leitana masa masana ngamjaba thakta thouong amada natraga amada thoudang lounarakli. Nupi singna lishang shitna thouong amada natraga amada lourakliba thoudang kaya (lannai oina natraga lup oina natraga apunba panggal ama oina) mapung oiba khunnai apunbagi wachum eehou gi kayat oina ooba tai. Karigi, kamdouna, karamba matamda, kanana kana kanaga khutsamnana louriba thoudangno haiba asi henna kupthana khngminnaba tai. Wafam asidi atoppa mafam amada neinagadaba wafam ama oina thamkhrasi. 

Ngasigi oina tellapna ningsingba yaba machang oiba wafam kharadang thamjage. Wafamdi; senjao-lunkhoplichat na lansingliba araanaba lanfam asi mapanggal kanba nupa lanmee sanglup singna tamthiba khutlai paiduna changsillakpa lallong oina touee. Nupana mapung oina soknaba lanfam asida, nupasingna lanfamda thawai thakhiba natraga soinaihouba asok appal nanghoubagi cheitheng kaya nupi singnasu mayoknari. Nupida lamchat kaamba lanmee kayana— achik akomgi tanja louduna or nongmei chindonda namfu hafu chatthabagi khudong chaba louduna— khudum challaba nupisingda nattaba mityengna yengbiba namja namthekpibagi wakat kaya leiri. Asigumba fivam asida nupisingna masagi mingchat amasung hakchang ngakthokchanabagi tangai fadana loufam thokpa thoudang, amasung, asigumbadagi ngakthoknaba cheksin kanglon kaya leiri. Aduna nupisinggi akhannaba wafam (specific question) amasung akhannaba kanglon (specific steps) yammi. Khudakta hakthengnaba thoudokki mayokta, lannaigi thakta lotna natraga fongna, masa ngakthokchanaba hotnabagi kanglon kaya soidana leigani. Masibu lannai-pairak khonglei (spontaneous individual reaction) haina khngnaba yai. Amaromdana apunba panggal sagattuna fongna loukhiba thoudang kayasu leigani. Masibuna apun-pairak khonglei (spontaneous collective reaction) natragana lupsem-firep khonglei (organised collective reaction) haina makhal ani thokna ooba fanggani. Thoudangsing asigi mapung oiba maramsingdi: (a) masa ngakthokchanabagi, (b) naknaba ee mari natraga keiroi leikaigi meeoibu natraga marup mapangbu lanmeegi makhuttagi kalhounabagi, (c) thokkhraba meehat meeot thoudokki mayokta hourakpa wakat eehougi thoudang louba, (d) meehat meeot leitaba tangdu leitaba khunnai ama oinabagi pandam. Matou asumna, nupi singna loukhiba (or chatthariba) thoudok kharagi khudam kharadang ningsingba tragadi: (a) 1974, Rose Ningshen na namja namthekki mayokta masa nanthoknaba hotnakhiba, madu maithibadagi mapunsi lomhanjakhiba, amasung, madugi mayokta Manipur East District ki Tangkhul ningolsingna lup semduna wakat eehou sagatpa hourakkhiba, (b) 1980 da Patsoi Langjing thoudokta nupi kayana lanmee gi namja namthektagi nanthoknaba chenthoknarakkhiba, Manipur mayol tampak lamda meira paibee maru hunduna eehou hourakkhiba, meira paibee lup pak sandoraktuna ngasi faoba khongjang kayada thoudang lourakliba, (c) 1987 gi Oinam Khun da nupi kayana masa ngakthoknaba hotnajakhiba, mafamduda chatthakhiba Operation Blue-Bird ki meeot meeneigi mayokta Naga Nupisingna akanba eehou kaya hourakkhiba, (d) Lannai oina, 2000 dagi chahi tara-manga mayarom Irom Sharmila na AFSPA gi mayokta chara henbagi khongjang changsinkhiba, (e) 2004, July 15 da meira paibee taranithoina hakchangda fee thongdana eehou changsinkhiba, (f) 2009 dagi ngasi faobada Extra Judicial Executed Victim Families Association Manipur na fa-kapki mayokta eehou-kanglon kaya changsinlakkhiba, amasung (g) Ngasisu nupi kayana NGO singda yaoduna meeyoibagi-wachum (human rights) ngakpagi thabak thouramsingda thoudang lourakliba. Nupisingna louriba thoudangsing asi neinaba khaktada lairik volume kaya eeba yagani. Makhoina louriba thoudang ngasisu leppa leitri. 

7. Lanmee-Namthalichat ki chang yamna hantharakle haibasi kayam chumbage? 

a. Senjao-lunkhoplichat ki pandamdi hongba leitri; poram kaidana akan akanba safusing changsillakpa leptri. Aranba lan gi kanglon di mafam matam fivam gi matung inna khongchep haibada hongdok hongjin natraga safu anem awang khennaba khara adumak leigani. 2004 gi safu kanba eehou adugi paokhum oina 17 Assam Rifles khutpu adu Kangla dagi hongdokkhre. Makhoina Manipur thadoklaga chatkhiba natte; leibakki eerang nemthahannaba meeyamda tikki pijaba moithem oina atoppa khudong chaba mafam amada lanban semkhibani. Eehoudugi paokhum oina AFSPA muthatkhiba leite; greater imphal gi Assembly Constituency taret tagi AFSPA komthokkhibani. 

2009 gi Khwairambal keithel gi fa-kapki mayokta houkhiba safu kanba eehou adugi matungdagidi, maru oina EEFVAM na Supreme Court ta (2012) changsillakliba wayel wakat matungdagidi fa-kapki chang khara hantharakle haiba yai. Adumakpu hanna thokkhiba meehat amasung meeot meeneising aduda chennaba lanmee (or police or paramilitary) sing aduda akanba cheirak pibamakti ooba fangdri. Meehat-meeot ki cheifu nanghourabasingda pifam thokpa matik chaba wakok-sen (compensation money) amasung semgat-naokhon (rehabilitation) fanghanba leitri. Manpurda leiriba lanbansing asi thugaiduna lanmee sing handokkhiba leitri. Police, para-military, military khutpusingna makhoigi meekok hen-gat-hanbagi thouong leppa leite. Safu kanna changsillakliba malem senjao-lumkhotlichat (finance imperialism) gi lunkhop project singga sagonnaba mang-tak-hanbagi chang adumak hen-gatlakli. Chahi khara asida lanmee na hakthengnana mee hatpa (or meeot meenei chatthabagi) anouba khudamsing report toina fangdrabasu, lanbanna koisillaba leibak asida yelhoumee wachum (indigenous rights) namhatpagi (subjugation) thouong chang hen-gatlakli. Khutkanba mapu manaising kok chungsinnaduna ―Liberalisation, Privatisation, Globalisation‖ gi namthak-khallao (deceptive slogans) lao khongladuna MNC singbu chaokhat-maikhum (development cloak) kup-hallaga ―sagoon meiringba: lunkhop wayellon‖ (organised loot: legalised plunder) fongna changsillakli. Masina piba cheifu kayana awaba tarabasing or meepairabasingna changsillakpa meeyam-wachum khongjangsing (people‘s democratic movement) asibu leingakki ngaksen-chunggoi (defence forces) singna namthabagi chang hanthaba leite.  

8. Makha tana Anti-Military Repression Day Pangthokpagi channafam leiribara? 

a. Khennaba khunnailon (classed society) yokkhatpagi paringda, meeyamgi lun-thum sagoon touraga maduna senthok-punsirol oijariba, senjao-lunkhop khupusingna leingak chukli pairiba makheidi lanmeenamthalichat maru fuktuna manghanba ngamloi. Ningtam lan houribasingnasu, hairiba sinmit-leingaklon asi sougattuna thamliba makheidi, makhoiga senjao lunkhoppasinga hiram amada natraga amada nongmadi yuthak-fan (tactical collusion) tinnakhiduna makhoigi nongmei chindol adu meeyamda oina onsinlakkani. Ningtam lan hourambasingna araanba lanban da chongsinkhibagi wari eikhoina toina taba fangli. Aduga, amaromdana, ningtam lan di khongfam handrabasu, yaolgi mangal (revolutionary vision) fongdoktaba lup singna meeyamda ningtamba haiba wafam asi ―karino karigino‖ khumfam khngdana chamamnahalli haibasi mayek senglaba wafamni. Meeyam-wachum eehou yokkhatpiningba luchingbasingnasu apunbagi panggal na thomgadouriba panjil leitum asi kadaidano, kadomdano, kanana kanada karigidamak kamdouna thomgadouribano haibasi mayek sengna meeyamda khnghanbiba amadi mathou tari. Amabu oire amabu oire, eikhoigi hwjikki charolna (generation) eikhoigi puwari fivam asi kupthana neinaba matamda, eereipak asida lanmee-namthalichat loiba naidri haiba asimadi mayek sengna ooba fanggani. Eikhoigi eereicha kayana lannai pukchakkidamak (survival) amasung oijalichatkidamak (opportunism) lanmee-namthalichat asigi machinjak meekok hunbata nattana chongsinduna lichat asibu wangna thanggatnaba hotnei haiba asimasu kakpa yaroidaba wafam oigani. Masimak oidunasu, achumba kouba wahanthok aduda yumfam oiba eehou—mami senglabasu sengdrabasu, mangam sallabasu sandrabasu—leppa naidana leirakli. Masina takpadi, eikhoi pumloimakti loidri haibani. Eikhoi hingli pumloi loidri haiba asida thajaba thamduna; thokkhiba pukning sokningai oiraba meehat meeot thoudoksinggi mayokta, puwarigi tangkak kayada thouna fana masagi oijaba thadoktuna thoudang loukhiba meeoising amasung changsinkhiba khongjangsing adubu eekai kumnaba ootpagi tangai fadaba leiri haibasi ahingba eikhoina khangfam thok-ee. Lanmee-namthalicht ki cheifu ngasisu 

meeyamna hakthengnaba loidri haibasi khngmainnaba mathou tari. Araanba lan gi tongan tonganba lallong amasung kanglon sing adubusu khangminnabagi tangai fadaba leiri. Araanba lan gi mayokta meeyamgi apunba panggal sagattuna meeyam-wachum khongjang changsinbagi tangai fadaba leiri. Meeyam-wachum khongjangsing asi, senjao-lunkhoplichat na eikhoigi eethakta potlum oina hapchinbirakpa araanba lan gi mayokta changsin-gadaba, tangai fadraba khongjangni haiba asi eereichasingna vap taminnba mathou tari. Eereicha singna vap taminnabaga eeroinana malem sin thungna khollao asibu tahanba amasung khongjang asibu masak khnghanba mathou tari. Puwarigi tangkak kayada malem gi mafam kayada houkhiba wachum-eehou gi saklonsinggi puwaribu eikhoina lairik mayekta neinaba khakta nattana, eikhoigi wachum-eehou gi saklon asi malem gi mafam kayada tamjaningai oiba saklon ama oihannaba hotnabagi tangai fadaba leiri. Eikhoidagisu meena tamjaningai oihanba karigi yaroidouribano? Masi eikhoigi akhaang kanba, hotnaba kanba, amasung, achumba kanglon na oihanba ngamgani. Eikhoida leiriba mangam salloidaba wakhallon amasung khongchat kanglon thadokpa tai. Eikhoida leiriba nakpaklichat (sectarianism), lannai or kannglup oijalichat (individual or group opportunism) thadokpa tai. Oida-manglan pukninglon (utopian idealism) asinachingba kayasi thadokpa tai. Chaokhatlichat (progression) purakpa ngamgadaba achumba wakhallon (scientific ideology) na lamjing oiduna eikhoigi fivamga chunnaba poram (strategy), amasung changyeng kanglon (experimental tactics) thabak oina changsinba tai. Eikhoina matam changna panggal changna eehougi achetpa khongloi khomjinnaba hotnaba toudraduna, ngaihak ngaihakki leiteng kummei (cosmetic rituals) thouram sinbagumna; senjao lallon-khutpugi khuraktagi lithahallakpa machum adu eikhoi masen munnaduna yennaraga, maduna khutpaisel oiduna ngaihak ngaihakki leitengkhongjang (cosmetic movements) or namthak-khongjang (decepetive movement) sagatkani haiba wakhal asi thadokpana achumba oigani. Mangam sanna tangdu leitaaba (peaceful) meeyam-leingak (people‘s democracy) semgatnabagi thoudang asi mapung fahannabagidamak ―Anti-Military Repression Day‖ haina numit ama kaithoktuna mayam punmminnabagi tanja ama fangba or fanghannaba hotnaba haibasi yamna maram chai haina khanjei. Numit asi senjaolallonlichatki hanglaisingna mayai tangbal da famlaga pangthokpa leitengkummei ama oihalloi haiba asi luchingbasinggi thabakna ootpa ngambasu oisanu

Long Live People‘s Democracy Long Live People‘s Democratic Movement New Delhi 9th July 2018 

P.S.: Article drafted for Sovenir to be published on the occasion of Anti-Military Repression Day to be organised in Manipur by Working Committee of Apunba Lup, on 15 July, 2018.